Testing the Efficiency of the Push-and-Pull Strategy during Severe Ips typographus Outbreak and Extreme Drought in Norway Spruce Stands

Protection of Norway spruce stands using anti-attractants was tested during an outbreak bark beetles (Ips typographus) in their spring flight. The aims this study were as follows: (1) to test the proposed experimental design for tree protection; (2) evaluate height-specific alternatives dispenser installation on trees; and (3) efficiency protection measures under beetle infestation drought stress. experiment conducted at forest edges adjacent recent clearcuts 10 blocks eastern Czech Republic. Each block had three areas, with 20 trees growing two rows recently cut edge (10 per row). In front a each four pheromone traps installed. treatment area protected by anti-attractants. second served so-called switch area, where from outflux redirected anti-attractant, would start new attacks if not caught nearby traps. third control. We attached anti-attractant tube dispensers trunk treated heights. results suggest redirecting effect anti-attractants, pushing into causing subsequent attacks, which greater than areas containing trees. There no difference between placed 1 8 m height both m. A switching occurring outside observed. Mounting trunks one low position above ground can be substantially less labour-intensive efficient positioning them different For affected severe extremely dense populations, use did prove effective.